转眼已经快到了新一轮的换题季，相信很多同学都会苦恼，换题季后自己准备的语料究竟还能用吗？自己报考的5月较好场，是不是会遇到刁难型的话题一时陷入尬聊的状态呢？特别是针对棘手的Part 3 Discussion，很多同学更是无从下手。那么今天我们就继续来探讨一下Part3中的第三种类型的题目--Pros and Cons，也就是说探讨事物优缺点类型的话题。

    首先大家先来熟悉一下常见优缺点问题的类型。一般情况下我们可以将此类问题分为两大类即：一元比较（对比一个事物中的两个方面）比如：

1.what kind of advantages ad disadvantages do you think social media will have?

2.  what benefits are there for society when people obey the law?

以及二元比较型（同时比较不同的两类事物）比如：

1.what kind of advantages and disadvantages of taking taxi and bus ?

2. what kind of advantages of taking taxi when compared with bus?

   那么对于此类题目，我们首先要掌握的是和优缺点相关的同义词

1.Advantages：

2.Disadvantages:

3.当然，既然有对比关系的存在，那么为了体现语料的逻辑关系，我们还需要用丰富的转折词：

but, although, despite, in spite of, by comparison, however, nevertheless, on the other hand, on the contrary.

    在丰富了词汇的基础上我们再看说一说遇到此类型的问题时究竟应该怎么去回答：

首先我们先来看一个例题：what are the advantages and disadvantages of a traditional family？

开头点题-- I like traditional family,but I think it is quite clear for people to see both sides of this question.

分论点1 For the good parts, it is very stable and tight,every family member has a very close relationship with each other,they know each other very well,like what do they do and where they are.People have a stronger sense of belonging.

加入转折词--While,

分论点2  For the bad parts,sometimes 

    通过这个例子大家会发现，在回答此类问题时应展现出清晰的层次感，而不是想到一点说一点，这样就会使得整个答案显得没有逻辑性并且中心不明确。回答此类问题时，老师建议大家可以用一句话给出一个总结性开头，例如：

yeah,  tons of benefits of ...do provide great convenience to our daily life

actually, i do love...,but also there are both sides of ...

The most important benefit is…

There are a couple of benefits...

I suppose the main problem is…

you will fell a little bit suffocated ,you know,less freedom,as you are restricted by the family,the traditional family has a clear idea about what is right and what is wrong,they will not tolerate you when you are out of the line.

   总结--That's why people argue about it all the timeThe main concern is…

An important drawback is…

紧接着开始分别描述话题中的核心词的优缺点，千万不要穿插着讲这样的话容易让自己思维混乱。较后的总结其实是不必要的，但是如果在描述的过程当中突然卡壳，为了避免尴尬，大家可以适当用一句话总结。

   当然，大家会问回答Part 3的问题真的需要这么多内容吗。答案当然是否定的，在这里老师只是尽可能地去给大家提供语料，大家可以根据实际情况进行删减。但是一定要记住的是，千万不要只给出论点没有解释，或者是只会说出一些范范的形容词，这样的话会显得自己的答案过于肤浅。

   下面我们在看一个较为特别的例子：Have advances in technology improved our lives?看到这个问题的时候大家会发现，问题中没有非常清晰的询问技术的优缺点，但是大家不难发现“improve”一词其实已经隐含了让大家说出科学技术的优点这一含义。所以我们就可以这样去回答：

I do believe so, technology is giving us an upgrade. in the past trains and planes were not available, then people could not see different parts of the world. so the promotion of tech make people open to many grey areas in life.

(当然我们也可以添加以下内容---while, people nowadays have overly dependent on tech, sometimes, it is isolating us from each other.)

    较后我们再来说一说此类话题，我们如何展开自己的思路，也就是语料扩展。我们来看下面的例子：

what are the disadvantages when there are too many tourists in one site？

大家不难发现此问题的关键词是tourist，所以我们考虑的方向就应该是游客本身会做出什么样的行为

其对于旅游景点本身有什么消极影响等，所以就可以得到下列答案：

well, visitor behavior can have a detrimental effect on the quality of life the host community. for example , crowding and congestion ,just take my hometown, a famous scenic city, for instance. During holidays, thousand of visitors lead to terrible traffic congestion which bring great inconvenience to local residents. Also, tons of tourists do pose a threat to a region's natural and cultural resources, such as water supply, beaches, coral reefs and heritage sites, through traffic emissions, littering , increased sewage production and noise.

   根据上述例子，我建议大家在准备口语话题时可以试先分析题目中的核心词，然后联想和核心词相关的对象，并有意识的总结Part 3 的社会热点话题，比如：旅游，教育，科技，环境等系统性整理和其相关的原因，结果，完善自己的语料库。我相信如果大家可以系统化自己的语料库，那么即使在换题季的开端，也可以从容应对。